TORCH screen in a neonate with suspected congenital infection

This review article outlines a structured clinical framework for identifying and managing congenital infections in newborns, often categorized by the TORCH acronym. The authors emphasize moving away from generic screening toward a targeted diagnostic approach informed by specific maternal histories and neonatal physical signs such as microcephaly, rashes, and organ enlargement. Detailed sections examine the unique presentations of pathogens like cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis, highlighting both immediate symptoms and long-term neurological sequelae. Management strategies focus on prompt pharmaceutical intervention, multidisciplinary follow-up for hearing and vision, and preventative measures like maternal vaccination. Ultimately, the text serves as a guide for clinicians to improve neonatal outcomes through early recognition and evidence-based diagnostic pathways.