Как люди платили за вещи до появления денег?

Вам говорили, что до появления денег люди меняли коз на горшки. Антропологи отправились искать этот мир – и так его и не нашли. Вот как люди на самом деле расплачивались тысячи лет и почему ответ прямо сейчас лежит у вас в кошельке. 0:00 Intro 0:42 The story everyone believed 1:42 I'll owe you 2:39 Debt on clay 3:34 The goat that grew 4:30 Sticks and stones 5:30 Coins came late 6:05 When money disappears 7:20 Back to your wallet 📚 SOURCES ▸ Adam Smith – An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), the butcher, brewer and baker passage. ▸ Caroline Humphrey – "Barter and Economic Disintegration", Man (1985): "No example of a barter economy, pure and simple, has ever been described, let alone the emergence from it of money." ▸ David Graeber – Debt: The First 5,000 Years (2011). ▸ Code of Hammurabi, laws on tavern keepers and credit repaid in grain at harvest. ▸ Ammi-saduqa of Babylon (c. 1646–1626 BC) – edict cancelling debts of grain and silver (Encyclopaedia Britannica). ▸ Michael Hudson – "The Origins and Nature of Bronze-Age Interest Rates": Sumerian "máš" meant both interest and a young animal (kid). ▸ Samuel Noah Kramer – The Sumerians (1963): "amargi", freedom, literally "return to the mother" (Urukagina's reforms). ▸ UK Parliament / Burning of Parliament, 16 October 1834 – Exchequer tally sticks burned in the furnaces under the House of Lords; tallies abolished from 1826. ▸ William Henry Furness – The Island of Stone Money (1910); Milton Friedman, "The Island of Stone Money" (1991). The sunken stone is a story recorded by Furness. ▸ Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 2014 Q1 – "Money in the modern economy": 97% of the money held by the public is bank deposits. ▸ R. A. Radford – "The Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp", Economica (1945): cigarettes as currency in a German POW camp. ▸ Argentina's barter clubs (Red Global de Trueque) and their "créditos", 2001–2003 crisis – Wikipedia: Crédito (Argentina) and contemporary reporting; ~2.5 million users at the peak. #history #money #economics #barter #ancienthistory