Bioenergetics Explained: Gibbs Free Energy, Coupled Reactions & Electron Carriers (NADH/FADH2)

Before we dive deeper into metabolism, let's understand the energy principles behind every biochemical reaction: ✅ Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — exergonic vs endergonic reactions ✅ Standard free energy change (ΔG°') explained simply ✅ Coupled reactions — how the cell drives unfavorable reactions using favorable ones ✅ Types of biological reactions (oxidation-reduction, group transfer, isomerization, etc.) ✅ Electron carriers: NADH and FADH2 — how they store and transfer energy This is the theoretical foundation that makes EVERY pathway (Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, ETC) make sense. If you've been memorizing pathways without understanding energetics, this video fixes that. Perfect for Pharm.D, MBBS, and MDCAT 2026 students. 📚 References: Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry, Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry ◀️ Previous: Glucose Transport (GLUT transporters) ▶️ Next in series: Glycolysis (link when ready) #Biochemistry #Bioenergetics #GibbsFreeEnergy #NADH #FADH2 #MDCAT2026 #PharmD #MBBS