How Did Ancient Humans Survive Predators Before Fire?

How did ancient humans survive predators before fire? The answer isn't fire or spears. It's behavior. We look at the Taung child, cave bones with big-cat damage, and the research on how early humans avoided, watched for, and slept away from the animals that hunted them. Then we add fire and spears in the right order. Sources: Treves, A. & Palmqvist, P. (2007), "Reconstructing Hominin Interactions with Mammalian Carnivores (6.0-1.8 Ma)," pp. 355-381. https://faculty.nelson.wisc.edu/treve... Berger, L.R. & McGraw, W.S. (2007), "Further evidence for eagle predation of, and feeding damage on, the Taung child," South African Journal of Science 103(11/12): 496-498. https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/... Berna et al. (2012), "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa," PNAS. [ADD LINK] Roach et al. (2013), "Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo," Nature. [ADD LINK] Ben-Dor & Barkai (2025), "A bioenergetic approach favors the preservation and protection of prey, not cooking, as the drivers of early fire," Frontiers in Nutrition. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/... #AncientHumans #HumanEvolution #Prehistory #Predators