Acidifing agent l Adsorbent l Protective l Cathartics l Antimicrobial agent l C-3 l L-3 l B/D.Pharma

An antimicrobial agent is a natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic substance that kills microorganisms (microbicides) or stops their growth (microbiostatic). They are used to treat and prevent infections in humans, animals, and plants, or to disinfect surfaces and process food. Key Mechanisms of Action • Cell Wall Inhibition: Disrupts the formation of the outer protective layer in bacteria (e.g., beta-lactams like penicillin). • Cell Membrane Disruption: Alters membrane permeability, causing vital cell contents to leak out (e.g., polymyxins or phenol derivatives). • Protein Synthesis Interruption: Stops ribosomes from building essential proteins (e.g., macrolides and tetracyclines). • Nucleic Acid/Metabolic Blockade: Interferes with DNA/RNA replication or essential metabolic pathways like folic acid synthesis (e.g., sulfonamides). An acidifying agent (or acidifier) is a chemical substance that lowers the pH (increases acidity) in the body, food products, or pharmaceutical formulations An adsorbent is a solid or liquid material that attracts and holds atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas or liquid onto its surface, creating a thin film without soaking into the material's bulk volume