JAMB/WAEC Chemistry 2027 EP 97 - Effect of Change in Temperature on Equilibrium Position + Questions

JAMB/WAEC Chemistry EP 97 - Effect of Change in Temperature on Equilibrium Position + Questions In this lesson, we discuss how temperature affects the position of chemical equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's Principle. This is one of the most frequently tested equilibrium topics in JAMB, WAEC, NECO, and Post UTME Chemistry. Understanding this concept helps students predict whether an equilibrium system will shift to the left or right when temperature is increased or decreased. Topics Covered • Chemical Equilibrium • Le Chatelier's Principle • Endothermic Reactions • Exothermic Reactions • Effect of Temperature • Equilibrium Position Le Chatelier's Principle Le Chatelier's Principle states that: "When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system adjusts itself in a way that opposes the disturbance." Temperature is one of the major factors that can disturb equilibrium. Effect of Temperature on Exothermic Reactions An exothermic reaction releases heat. Example: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g) + Heat In this reaction, heat behaves like a product. Increasing Temperature When temperature is increased: ✔ More heat is added. ✔ Equilibrium shifts to the left. ✔ Ammonia yield decreases. Decreasing Temperature When temperature is decreased: ✔ Heat is removed. ✔ Equilibrium shifts to the right. ✔ Ammonia yield increases. Effect of Temperature on Endothermic Reactions An endothermic reaction absorbs heat. Example: CaCO₃(s) + Heat ⇌ CaO(s) + CO₂(g) Here, heat behaves like a reactant. Increasing Temperature ✔ More heat is supplied. ✔ Equilibrium shifts to the right. ✔ More products are formed. Decreasing Temperature ✔ Heat is removed. ✔ Equilibrium shifts to the left. ✔ More reactants are formed. Easy Examination Shortcut Treat heat as a chemical substance. Exothermic Reaction Reactants ⇌ Products + Heat Increase temperature → Shift Left Decrease temperature → Shift Right Endothermic Reaction Reactants + Heat ⇌ Products Increase temperature → Shift Right Decrease temperature → Shift Left Applications ✔ Haber Process (Ammonia Production) ✔ Contact Process (Sulphuric Acid Production) ✔ Industrial Chemical Manufacturing ✔ Laboratory Reactions Frequently Tested JAMB Areas 🔥 Le Chatelier's Principle 🔥 Exothermic Reactions 🔥 Endothermic Reactions 🔥 Haber Process 🔥 Equilibrium Position 🔥 Temperature Changes Questions 1. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, increasing the temperature of an exothermic reaction causes equilibrium to shift? A. Right B. Left C. Upward D. Downward Answer: B 2. In an exothermic reaction, heat is regarded as a? A. Catalyst B. Reactant C. Product D. Solvent Answer: C 3. For an endothermic reaction, increasing temperature will cause equilibrium to shift? A. Left B. Right C. Downward D. No change Answer: B 4. The Haber Process is an example of a largely? A. Endothermic Reaction B. Exothermic Reaction C. Neutralization Reaction D. Photochemical Reaction Answer: B 5. In the reaction: CaCO₃(s) + Heat ⇌ CaO(s) + CO₂(g) An increase in temperature will favour the formation of? A. CaCO₃ B. Reactants only C. CaO and CO₂ D. No products Answer: C Quick Revision Note ✔ Exothermic Reaction: Heat is a Product. ✔ Endothermic Reaction: Heat is a Reactant. ✔ Increase Temperature → Favours Endothermic Direction. ✔ Decrease Temperature → Favours Exothermic Direction. ✔ Always treat heat as part of the equation. This lesson is highly recommended for JAMB, WAEC, NECO, and Post UTME candidates preparing for Chemistry examinations. #JAMBChemistry #WAECChemistry #ChemicalEquilibrium #LeChateliersPrinciple #EndothermicReaction #ExothermicReaction #HaberProcess #ChemistryTutorial #JAMBPastQuestions #WAECPastQuestions #NECOChemistry #PostUTME #O3Schools #StudySmart #ChemistryLessons