Atomic Structure, Isotopes, Moles & the Periodic Table | General Chemistry

   / @samivarjosaari4022   In this video, we cover General Chemistry Chapter 2: Atoms and the Periodic Table. We begin with the structure of atoms and the historical experiments that led to the discovery of subatomic particles, then move into atomic number, mass number, isotopes, nuclear stability, average atomic mass, the periodic table, and calculations involving moles and molar mass. This lecture builds the atomic foundation needed for understanding chemical formulas, reactions, stoichiometry, bonding, and periodic trends later in general chemistry. 🔍 Topics Covered: • Atoms and elements • Dalton’s atomic model • Subatomic particles and atomic structure • Cathode ray experiments and the electron • J.J. Thomson and the charge-to-mass ratio • Millikan oil-drop experiment • X-rays and radioactivity • Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation • Rutherford’s gold foil experiment • The nuclear model of the atom • Protons, neutrons, and electrons • Atomic number and mass number • Isotopes of elements • Nuclear stability and the belt of stability • Average atomic mass • Isotopic abundance calculations • Mass spectrometry • Organization of the periodic table • Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • Important periodic table groups • Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals • Chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases • Transition metals • The mole and Avogadro’s number • Molar mass • Converting between grams, moles, and atoms ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 Atoms & Elements 01:30 Subatomic Particles & Atomic Structure 02:34 Cathode Rays & Discovery of the Electron 03:48 Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment 04:57 X-Rays, Radioactivity & Types of Radiation 05:48 Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment 07:07 Protons, Neutrons & Electrons 08:05 Atomic Number, Mass Number & Isotopes 09:51 Nuclear Stability & Belt of Stability 12:16 Average Atomic Mass 13:39 Mass Spectrometry 15:20 The Periodic Table 16:15 Groups & Families of Elements 20:31 The Mole & Avogadro’s Number 22:16 Molar Mass 22:55 Grams, Moles & Atoms Conversions 💡 Key Skills: By the end of this lecture, you should be able to identify protons, neutrons, and electrons; determine atomic and mass numbers; recognize isotopes; calculate average atomic mass; identify major regions and groups of the periodic table; understand the mole and Avogadro’s number; and convert between grams, moles, and numbers of particles. 📘 Great for: • General Chemistry I students • CHEM 101 / CHEM 111 students • Introductory college chemistry • AP Chemistry review • MCAT chemistry foundations • Students reviewing atomic structure, isotopes, and mole calculations