Como a areia vira um processador? A jornada do silício até o chip

Da areia ao chip: veja, em versão simplificada, como o silício é obtido, purificado, transformado em wafers e convertido em circuitos por fotolitografia, gravação, dopagem, interconexões e encapsulamento. As animações são ilustrações próprias e simplificadas. A narração é sintética (voz gerada por computador). Fontes: ASML, How microchips are made: https://www.asml.com/en/technology/all-abo... ASML, The basics of microchips: https://www.asml.com/en/technology/all-abo... ASML, 6 crucial steps in semiconductor manufacturing: https://www.asml.com/en/company/stories/20... ASML, EUV lithography systems: https://www.asml.com/en/products/euv-litho... ASML, Rayleigh criterion: https://www.asml.com/en/technology/lithogr... Intel, Manufacturing 101: https://download.intel.com/newsroom/2023/t... IEEE Spectrum, The Status of Moore's Law: It's Complicated: https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-status-of-mo... IEEE Spectrum, A Better Way to Measure Progress in Semiconductors: https://spectrum.ieee.org/a-better-way-to-... Cornell ECE 6745, slides de dispositivos CMOS: https://www.csl.cornell.edu/courses/ece674... WikiChip Fuse, TSMC N3 and Challenges Ahead: https://fuse.wikichip.org/?p=7375 Semiconductor Technology from A to Z (halbleiter.org): https://halbleiter.org/en/waferfabrication... e https://www.halbleiter.org/en/waferfabrica... MicroChemicals, From quartz sand to high-purity silicon: https://www.microchemicals.com/products/wa... MKS, Silicon Wafer Production: https://www.mks.com/n/silicon-wafer-produc... IEEE TechNav, Silicon: https://technav.ieee.org/topic/silicon/ Cambridge University Press, Integrated Circuit Fabrication, cap. 6: https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/... IBM Research, 20 anos dos fios de cobre: https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/blog/20y... Discover Magazine, The Year in Science: Technology 1997: https://discovermagazine.com/technology/th... #silício #semicondutores #chips