FULL EPISODE Lesson 10 Deformation of the Crust - Understanding the Earth

Deformation of the crust - Geological Interpretation - How rocks behave under stress, to better understand earthquakes. (60minutes) Host; Dr. David Pearson. •What is stress? •What is directed stress and elastic deformation •What is confining stress and plastic behaviour •Plastic behaviour of folds (anticline/syncline) •Description of folds ie limbs •Normal faults •Reverse fault •Thrust fault •Graben/Horst (Graben -- Yellowknife example) •Illustrated images of folds •Illustrated images of faults •Strike and dip Part 3 Deformation of the crust 10-Part3 • and Dip continued •Obtaining strike and dip on strata •Northern Ontario and Arctic •Dr Ridler from Geological Survey of Canada; describing folds •Segment on diamond drilling and extracted core from the barrel •Interpreting rock layering from core •Rock fracture/fault San Andreas Fault -- Transform Fault (slide horizontal) •San Andreas Fault description and identification Part 4 Deformation of the crust 10-Part4 •San Andreas Fault description and identification continued •Dr John Crowell University of California describing fault San Andreas Fault - http://www.sbnature.org/dibblee/newwe... •Dr John Crowell University of California describing fault zone -- fossil screed •Rock reaching its plastic limit of San Andreas fault •Laboratory of rock reaching its elastic and plastic phase •Heating / breaking of foreshocks of rocks prior to an earthquake •Movement and displacement of a fault can be identified by collecting rock samples at various location on a fault and matching them at various locations away. •Observing rock during the elastic deformation •Japanese scientists use; water in a tube monitors elasticity of rock •Japanese use foreshocks for the prediction in quakes •Japan Sept 6 1966 -- actual footage of an earthquake •Underground nuclear explosion footage/images •Releasing earthquakes -- Denver area, US Army pumping, contaminated waste 150 million gallons down a 3 mile deep hole experiments. Part 6 Deformation of the crust 10-Part6 Keywords; geology,crust,earthquakes,sudbury,glacial rebound •Two processes of deformation; loading of Ice and pushing of plates •Hudson Bay -- Glacial rebound (Hudson Bay will eventually disappear and the rise of the surrounding land) •Canadian rockies examples of thrust plane and showing extreme compression •Different examples of behavior of rocks in compression and tension •Tension cracks