The Entire History of PAKISTAN (4,500 Years in 23 Minutes)

How did a land that was ruled by almost everyone for 4,500 years become a country in five weeks? From the Indus Valley and Alexander to the Mughals, Ranjit Singh, the Radcliffe Line, 1971 and today: the story of Pakistan, with historical maps and cartoon scenes. Where historians disagree, the video says so. 00:00 The line that split a continent 01:41 The Indus: a civilization that vanished 04:42 Alexander, Gandhara and the Mughals 07:31 The Lion of Punjab and the Company 09:28 A student's idea: where "Pakistan" came from 12:14 1947: five weeks to draw a border 15:13 A country starting from zero 17:26 1971: the country that split in two 19:24 Generals, bombs and ballots 22:26 So what is Pakistan? Sources used for the dates and facts: Cyril Radcliffe and the Boundary Commission: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_R... Partition of India: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiti... Pakistan Declaration (Now or Never, 1933): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakista... Choudhry Rahmat Ali: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmat_Ali R. D. Banerji: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._D._B... Mohenjo-daro: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo... Indus Valley Civilisation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_V... Battle of the Hydaspes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_... Sikh Empire: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Em... Ranjit Singh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjit_... Charles Napier and the "Peccavi" pun: https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023... 1970 Pakistani general election: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Pa... Bangladesh Liberation War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banglad... 1977 Pakistani military coup: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Pa... Benazir Bhutto: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazir... 2023 Pakistani census: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pa... Further reading: Yasmin Khan, The Great Partition · Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman · Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History · Srinath Raghavan, The Global Impact of the 1971 War · Gary Bass, The Blood Telegram. Notes: Maps use hand-built, approximate lines and extents (the Radcliffe Line is drawn indicatively, not survey-accurate); premodern borders were never exact. Death tolls for Partition and 1971 are disputed and are shown as ranges. Cartoon and sepia scenes are AI-assisted illustrations, not archival photographs or footage, and people shown are generic depictions. Narration is a synthetic voice. Satellite imagery: NASA Blue Marble. Borders: Natural Earth. Music: "Lightless Dawn", "Ossuary 6 - Air" and "Echoes of Time v2" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... #history #india #pakistan #maps