Lamination and sintering - Green Skills for Hydrogen Lab Series

In this video, part of a solid oxide is laminated and sintered: The barrier layer (GDC), the electrolyte (YSZ), the fuel electrode (Ni-GDC), and finally the thick supporting layer (Ni-YSZ). A current collector (LSC) and air electrode (LSC-GDC) will be added subsequently through screen printing (not shown in the video). First, the relevant layers are picked up from a humidity-controlled storage and cut into smaller pieces. Then the layers are - one by one - gently placed on top of each other and laminated by feeding the layers through a laminator. In between applying layers, a carrier plastic foil from tape casting is removed. When all layers are laminated, the cells are transported to the furnace. The cells are sintered at 1250-1350°C. Before sintering, the cells are soft and flexible. After sintering, they are as hard as porcelain.   Acknowledgements Film recorded in 2025 in the lab at the Department of Energy Storage and Conversion at the Technical University of Denmark, DTU.   The video does not cover all the required steps of the process but selected, important ones. The processes and scale are representative of research needs, but the core techniques are fundamentally the same as in industrial production.    Lab work: Albert Lopez de Moragas, Mona Yarahmadi, and Morten Phan Klitkou – DTU Energy, Denmark  Video producer: Pernille Gøtz – DTU Energy, Denmark  The production of the series was supported by the EU through the project “Green Skills for Hydrogen”. Please visit our website www.greenskillsforhydrogen.eu to learn more.