Why Did The Indus Valley Civilisation Collapse?

Title: Why Did the Indus Valley Civilization Collapse? Description: 4,500 years ago, Mohenjo-daro had covered drains and private bathrooms. London didn't build a citywide sewer until the 1860s. So what happened to a civilization this advanced? For decades, textbooks blamed an invading army. Then the evidence started to fall apart. In this video, we follow the real investigation: the 1920s discovery of a lost civilization, the massacre theory that dominated for 70 years, and the climate, river, and DNA evidence that replaced it. In this video: The 1921-1924 discovery of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro Sir Mortimer Wheeler's invasion theory, and how George Dales took it apart The weakening monsoon, the shifting rivers, and the 4.2-kiloyear climate event Rising violence and disease in Harappa's final years The collapse of trade with Mesopotamia The 2019 Rakhigarhi DNA study, and where the Indus people actually went Chapters (adjust to your final edit): 0:00 The street in Mohenjo-daro 1:30 A civilization nobody knew existed 3:30 The invasion theory 5:00 The skeletons that didn't add up 6:00 Rivers, monsoons, and the drought 8:00 Violence, disease, and lost trade 9:30 Where did the people go? Sources and further reading: Liviu Giosan et al., 2012, Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization (PNAS) Gwen Robbins Schug et al., 2013, Harappa skeletal trauma study Vasant Shinde et al., 2019, Rakhigarhi ancient DNA (Cell) George Dales, 1964, "The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo-daro Hashtags: #IndusValleyCivilization #Mohenjodaro #Harappa #AncientHistory #IndianHistory #Documentary #HistoryMysteries Tags: Indus Valley Civilization collapse, why did Indus Valley collapse, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, ancient India, Harappan civilization, Rakhigarhi DNA, Indus Valley mystery, ancient history documentary