Something in the Universe is wrong!

How fast is the universe expanding today? The SH0ES team built a three-rung cosmic distance ladder (Gaia parallaxes,masers around a black hole, eclipsing stars → 3,000+ Cepheids → 42 supernovae) and got 73.04 ± 1.04 km/s/Mpc. Then they tried 67 ways to break it. Five sigma from Planck's 67.4. One in 3.5 million. Nobody knows why. 📄 Paper (free) Riess et al. 2022, A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team. ApJL 934, L7. https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.04510 ⏱️ Chapters 00:00 73 vs 67 00:57 Why distance is hard 02:21 Rung 1: pure geometry 04:00 Rung 2: the stars that breathe 07:21 Rung 3: 42 exploding stars 09:26 Five sigma 10:19 67 ways to break it 12:08 The rival: red giants 13:52 What it means 15:13 Outro 🗳️ Next paper? Vote in the pinned comment. Every number in the video is sourced on screen, and the critics' results are included. #cosmology #HubbleTension #space