A Newspaper in San Francisco Tried to Start a Revolution in Punjab

On November 1, 1913, a newspaper called Ghadr ("Mutiny") came off the press in San Francisco, printed for Indian workers in California, Oregon and Canada. Fifteen months later, its readers were in Punjab, building bombs for a rising set for February 1915. This is the story as Punjab's British governor, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, told it to the American journalist DeWitt Mackenzie, so it's the governor's version, and we say so. Plus the Maharajas of Bikaner and Jodhpur, and one number: half of India's 190,000 wartime recruits came from Punjab. 1 नवंबर 1913 को सैन फ़्रांसिस्को में "ग़दर" नाम का अख़बार छपा। पंद्रह महीने बाद उसके पाठक पंजाब में बम बना रहे थे। ये कहानी पंजाब के अंग्रेज़ गवर्नर ओ'डायर की ज़ुबानी है, यानी सरकार का पक्ष। साथ में बीकानेर और जोधपुर के महाराजा, और एक आँकड़ा: 1,90,000 भारतीय सिपाहियों में आधे पंजाब से थे। From DeWitt Mackenzie, The Awakening of India (Hodder & Stoughton, 1917), public domain in the US. Jay narrates, with Meera and Soons, in English and Hindi. Images: book page scans, plus Wikimedia Commons public-domain photographs (list in art/raw/licenses.json). If you know the Ghadr side of this story, tell us in the comments.