2.1 Eukaryotic cells: structure and function of organelles | AQA A Level Biology Topic 2 (3.2.1)

All life is made of cells — and this video takes you on a whistle-stop tour of the sophisticated tiny factories that are eukaryotic cells. We follow the journey of a digestive enzyme from creation to use, exploring the structure and function of each organelle it passes through along the way, in both animal and plant cells. By the end of this video, you'll be able to describe the structure and function of: ✅ The nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope ✅ Ribosomes and the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ✅ The Golgi apparatus and vesicles ✅ Lysosomes and mitochondria ✅ Plant-specific structures: chloroplasts, the vacuole, and the cell wall This is the first video in Topic 2 of AQA A-Level Biology, covering cells. Next up: cell specialisation. Got questions? Drop them in the comments and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 00:53 The Nucleus & Nuclear Envelope 02:32 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 03:53 Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus 05:22 Lysosomes 06:29 Mitochondria 07:33 Centrosomes & Centrioles 07:53 Plant Cell Structures 09:22 Summary #ALevelBiology #AQABiology #Cells #Biology #ALevel #ScienceEducation Image credits: Endomembrane system - LadyofHats, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons TEM lung cell RER nucleus - By Louisa Howard - http://remf.dartmouth.edu/imagesindex..., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... ER diagram and TEM x2 - By OpenStax - https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@8.2..., CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Endoplasmic reticulum - By DBCLS 統合TV, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Golgi apparatus - By Louisa Howard - http://remf.dartmouth.edu/imagesindex..., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Mitochondria - By Louisa Howard - http://remf.dartmouth.edu/imagesindex... on "Mitochondria, mammalian lung - TEM.jpg", Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... ribosome - By LadyofHats - Own work using:nih.govmiami.edumolecularassembler.comufl.eduphschool.comuic.eduyoutube.comyoutube.com, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Golgi and RER - OpenStax, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons phagocytosis - By Mango Slices - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... photophosphorylation - Somepics, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons chloroplast no labels - By Charles Molnar and Jane Gair, OpenStax - Unannotated version of this Commons file, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... chloroplast TEM - By and3k and caper437 - Own work by uploaders, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... amoeba - By SmallRex - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... human chromosomes light microscope - By Korinna - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... apoptosis gif - By Egelberg - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... muscle and mitochondria - By Louisa Howard - http://remf.dartmouth.edu/imagesindex..., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... mitochondria diagram - “Image provided by Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... All other drawings, diagrams and photographs are my own work.