How Do Volcanoes Actually Erupt? 🌋

⏱️ CHAPTERS 0:00 Is there really a sea of lava down there? 0:33 The mantle is solid rock 0:54 Trick 1: take away the pressure 1:27 Trick 2: add water 1:52 Trick 3: add heat 2:17 How magma rises 2:38 The secret ingredient: gas 3:04 Sticky or runny magma 3:24 Gentle eruptions: Hawaii 3:46 Explosive eruptions: Mount St. Helens 4:11 The real danger: pyroclastic flows 4:30 How a volcano cooled the planet 4:53 Can we predict eruptions? 5:15 Volcanoes also create 5:41 Recap 📚 RESEARCH SOURCES • Volcanoes erupting on any given day: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory / Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program • The solid, slowly flowing mantle: American Museum of Natural History • Mid-ocean ridges (~65,000 km): NOAA Ocean Exploration • Water-driven melting and magma viscosity: Natural Hazards, Maricopa Open • Ring of Fire (~40,000 km): Encyclopaedia Britannica • Mauna Kea vs. Everest: USGS • Granite and plutons: American Museum of Natural History • Volcanic gases: USGS • Kilauea lava temperature and speed: USGS Volcano Hazards Program • Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980: USGS Fact Sheet 036-00 • Pyroclastic flows: USGS Volcano Hazards Program • Pompeii: National Geographic • Mount Pinatubo, 1991: USGS Fact Sheet 113-97 • Volcanic outgassing and the origin of the oceans: Introduction to Oceanography (Roger Williams University) 🗺️ Map data: Natural Earth, via world-atlas 🔔 Subscribe to Terra Explained for new Earth science videos. #volcano #earthscience #geology #science #education