جميع جرائم الحرب مفسّرة في 10 دقائق

***Bilbliography*** 1. Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (2000). Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers: Global reports and country case studies. Singer, P.W. (2005): Children at War. Comprehensive analysis of child soldier recruitment. 2. Cluster Munitions Convention on Cluster Munitions (2008): Prohibitions and victim assistance. Human Rights Watch & Cluster Munition Coalition: Reports on Laos, unexploded ordnance, and ongoing risks. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): Customary IHL Rule 71 on indiscriminate weapons. 3. Incendiary Weapons (Napalm, White Phosphorus) Protocol III to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (1980). Human Rights Watch: Documentation of white phosphorus use in urban areas. ICRC Customary IHL: Rules on incendiary weapons and superfluous injury. 4. Torture and Cruel Treatment UN Convention Against Torture (1984) and Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture. Rejali, Darius (2007): Torture and Democracy. Historical and modern methods. 5. Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998): Articles on rape, sexual slavery, and forced pregnancy as war crimes. UN Security Council Resolutions 1325, 1820, 1888, etc. Global Study on the Implementation of UNSCR 1325. 6. Attacks on Journalists and Protected Objects Geneva Conventions Additional Protocol I (1977): Protection of civilians, journalists, and cultural property. UNESCO: Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property (1954) and reports on destruction. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ): Annual statistics on killed and imprisoned journalists. 7. Forced Displacement, Pillage, and Starvation Geneva Convention IV (1949): Articles on deportation, pillage, and collective punishment. Rome Statute: Article 8(2)(b)(xxv) – starvation as method of warfare. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International: Reports on sieges and forced transfers. 8. Human Shields, Biological/Chemical Weapons, and Environmental Destruction Additional Protocol I: Prohibition on human shields and attacks on medical units. Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) and Biological Weapons Convention (1972). ICRC: Customary IHL rules on environmental protection (Rules 43–45). General & Comparative Sources International Criminal Court (ICC): Elements of Crimes and case law (e.g., Lubanga, Katanga). Pictet, Jean (ed.): Commentary on the Geneva Conventions. Journal of International Criminal Justice and International Review of the Red Cross. United Nations War Crimes Commission archives and ICTY/ICTR jurisprudence.