Every Type Of Galaxy Explained (Even The Ones That Shouldn't Exist)

One galaxy has almost no dark matter. Another has dark matter and gas, but not a single star. And one was already shining just 280 million years after the Big Bang. This video goes through every type of galaxy: from the dwarfs that outnumber everything else, through spirals, the barred spiral we live in, the Sombrero, giant ellipticals, irregulars, the perfect ring of Hoag's Object, the starburst Cigar Galaxy and a jellyfish galaxy being robbed of its gas, to the galaxies that shouldn't work at all. Every galaxy here is made from the same four jars: stars, gas, dark matter and time. In each chapter one jar is empty, overflowing or being stolen, and Karakulya cooks along. Every number in this video is checked against the sources below. A few comparisons are our own rounded calculations from published values: IC 1101's core is about 27,000 light-years across (2 × 4.2 kiloparsecs); Cloud-9 has about 5,000 times more dark matter than gas; on a one-day clock of cosmic history, MoM-z14 was already shining at about half past midnight. Which of these galaxies would you want to live in? Tell me in the comments. #space #galaxies #astronomy 0:00 Intro: four jars 0:20 Dwarf galaxy 1:11 Spiral galaxy 2:05 Barred spiral: the Milky Way 3:01 Lenticular galaxy: the Sombrero 3:48 Giant elliptical 4:39 Irregular galaxy 5:36 Ring galaxy: Hoag's Object 6:31 Starburst galaxy: the Cigar 7:28 Jellyfish galaxy 8:17 The galaxy without dark matter 9:20 The galaxy with no stars 10:15 The earliest galaxy 11:12 Which one would you live in?