How TCP & UDP Work: Transport Layer & Congestion Control Explained

CREDITS: GEMINI NOTEBOOK LLM Discover how transport protocols deliver reliable, fast data across the internet. Learn how TCP, UDP, port demultiplexing, flow control, and modern congestion algorithms like AIMD and CUBIC keep global networks running smoothly. Key Topics Covered: UDP vs. TCP: Reliability, handshakes, and protocol trade-offs Ports & Demultiplexing: How operating systems route packets to sockets Flow & Congestion Control: Balancing receive buffers (`rwnd`) and network limits (`cwnd`) AIMD & TCP CUBIC: How modern algorithms maintain fairness and high-speed throughput