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watch till the end or something because like i worked hard on it The Holy Roman Empire,[e] also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity comprised of and controlling much of Central Europe and Western Europe, headed by the Holy Roman Emperor and characterized by a decentralized political structure. It developed in the Early Middle Ages (beginning in either 800 or 962), and lasted for a millennium until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.[10] Initially, it consisted of three parts—Germany, Italy, and (from 1032) Burgundy—held together by the emperor's overlordship. By the 15th century, imperial governance had become concentrated in and upon the Kingdom of Germany, as the empire's effective control over Italy and Burgundy had largely disappeared.[11] On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne (the Frankish king) as Roman Emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.[12] The title had again lapsed by 924 but was revived again in 962 with the crowning of Otto of Saxony as emperor by Pope John XII. Otto the Great (as he became known), was King of the Germans but as emperor he became Charlemagne's successor, ruling in lands that had been first brought together as the Carolingian Empire.[13][14][15][f] From 962 until the 13th century, the empire was one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe.[16] It depended on continuing cooperation between emperors and still relatively powerful and independent vassals.[17] The empire reached its apex in terms of territorial expansion and power in the mid-13th century, under the House of Hohenstaufen, but this was an overextension and led to a partial collapse.[18][19][20][21][22] The imperial office was traditionally elected: mostly by a handful of (predominantly German) prince-electors and electors-spiritual (archbishops). In theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered first amongst equals of Europe's (at least its Catholic) monarchies.[23] A process of Imperial Reform in the late 15th and early 16th centuries transformed the empire, creating a set of institutions which endured until its final demise in the 19th century.[24][25][26][27] On 6 August 1806, Emperor Francis II abdicated and formally dissolved the empire following the creation by French emperor Napoleon of the Confederation of the Rhine from German client states loyal to France. For most of its history, the Empire primarily consisted of the entirety of the modern countries of the Czech Republic, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Switzerland, Slovenia, Germany, Austria, and large swathes of what is now eastern France, northern and central Italy, and western Poland. Name and general perception Further information: Reich, Translatio imperii, Problem of two emperors, and Historiography of Germany Initially, following Charlemagne's coronation in 800, the realm was simply referred to as the "Roman Empire".[28] The term sacrum ("holy", in the sense of "consecrated") in connection with the medieval Roman Empire was used beginning in 1157 under Frederick I Barbarossa ("Holy Empire"): the term was added to reflect Frederick's ambition to dominate Italy and the Papacy.[29] The form "Holy Roman Empire" is attested from 1254 onward.[30] The exact term "Holy Roman Empire" was not in use until the 13th century, before which the empire was referred to variously as universum regnum ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), imperium christianum ("Christian empire"), or Imperium Romanum ("Roman empire"),[22] but the Emperor's legitimacy always rested on the concept of translatio imperii,[g] that he held supreme power inherited from the ancient emperors of Rome.[20] From the mid-13th century onward, the Holy Roman Empire came to be more firmly associated with a German (deutsch) identity.[31] By around 1500, contemporary sources often referred to it simply as "Germany", reflecting its identification as a specifically German polity.[32] In a decree following the Diet of Cologne in 1512, the name was changed to the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation, Latin: Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationis Germanicae),[28] a form first used in a document in 1474.[29] The adoption of this new name coincided with the loss of imperial territories in Italy and Burgundy to the south and west by the late 15th century,[33] but also to emphasize the new importance of the German Imperial Estates in ruling the Empire due to the Imperial Reform.[34] The Hungarian denomination "German Roman Empire" (Hungarian: Német-római Birodalom) is the shortening of this.[35] source: Wikipedia article about holy roman empire