Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) - Pharmacology #uses #doctor #nursing

#Angiotensin-Converting_Enzyme_(ACE)_Inhibitors @ACE inhibitors benazepril  captopril  enalapril  fosinopril lisinopril  moexipril  perindopril  quinapril  ramipril  trandolapril @MOA ACE inhibitors are medications that slow (inhibit) the activity of the enzyme ACE, which decreases the production of angiotensin II. As a result, blood vessels enlarge or dilate, and blood pressure is reduced. it easier for the heart to pump blood and can improve the function of a failing heart. In addition, the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes is slowed. @Uses of ACEIs Controlling acute and chronic high blood pressure. Treating left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Preventing strokes. Preventing and treating kidney disease (nephropathy) in people with hypertension or diabetes. also improve survival after heart attacks. they prevent early death resulting from hypertension, heart failure or heart attacks. hypertension do not respond sufficiently to ACE inhibitors alone. used in combination with ACE inhibitors. ‪@sideeffectsstudios‬Side effects The most common side effects are: dry cough Hyperkalemia   Hypotension   Dizziness, Headache Drowsiness, Weakness Abnormal taste (metallic or salty taste) Rash, Chest pain The most serious, but rare, side effects of ACE inhibitors are: Kidney failure Allergic reactions Pancreatitis Liver dysfunction A decrease in white blood cells Swelling of tissues  (angioedema). Increased BUN and creatinine levels ‪@HCastle1229‬ ACE inhibitors usually are not prescribed for  pregnant may cause birth defects. bilateral renal artery stenosis (narrowing of the arteries that supply the kidneys) a severe reaction to ACE inhibitors. @Interactions ACE inhibitors may increase blood levels of potassium, the use of potassium supplements, salt substitutes (contain potassium), other drugs that increase the body's potassium. ACE inhibitors also may increase the blood concentration of lithium and lead to an increase in side effects from lithium. Aspirin and other NSAIDS such as ibuprofen , indomethacin, and naproxen may reduce the blood pressure lowering effects of ACE inhibitors. Diuretics may experience excessive reduction in blood pressure when ACE inhibitors are started. Stopping the diuretic or increasing salt intake prior to taking the ACE inhibitor may prevent excessive blood pressure reduction. Close supervision for at least two hours after the start of ACE inhibitors and until blood pressure is stable is recommended if the diuretic cannot be stopped. ACE inhibitors should not be combined with ARBs and aliskiren because such combinations increase the risk of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.