LOGICAL REASONING | IF-THEN STATEMENT | MODUS PONENS AND MODUS TOLLENS | Civil Service Exam Review

1. If a number is divisible by 4, then it is even. 24 is divisible by 4. Therefore, A. 24 is odd. B. 24 is prime. C. 24 is even. D. 24 is divisible by 3. E. No valid conclusion. 2. If a figure is a square, then it has four equal sides. The figure does not have four equal sides. Therefore, A. The figure is a rectangle. B. The figure is a triangle. C. The figure has four sides. D. The figure is not a square. E. No valid conclusion. 3. If a student studies, then the student passes. The student did not study. Therefore, A. The student failed. B. The student cheated. C. The student passed. D. The student was absent. E. No valid conclusion. 4. If a person is a doctor, then the person finished medical school. The person finished medical school. Therefore, A. The person is a doctor. B. The person is a nurse. C. The person is a surgeon. D. The person works in a hospital. E. No valid conclusion. 5. If an animal is a whale, then it is a mammal. Blue is a whale. Therefore, A. Blue is a fish. B. Blue is a mammal. C. Blue lives on land. D. Blue is a reptile. E. No valid conclusion. 6. If a number is divisible by 10, then it ends in 0. The number does not end in 0. Therefore, A. The number is odd. B. The number ends in 5. C. The number is not divisible by 10. D. The number is prime. E. No valid conclusion. 7. If Maria is in Manila, then she is in the Philippines. Maria is not in Manila. Therefore, A. Maria is outside the Philippines. B. Maria is in Cebu. C. Maria is abroad. D. Maria is at home. E. No valid conclusion. 8. If an angle measures 90°, then it is a right angle. A measures 90°. Therefore, A. ∠A is acute. B. ∠A is obtuse. C. ∠A is a right angle. D. ∠A is straight. E. No valid conclusion. 9. If today is Sunday, then tomorrow is Monday. Tomorrow is not Monday. Therefore, A. Tomorrow is Tuesday. B. Today is Saturday. C. Today is not Sunday. D. Today is Friday. E. No valid conclusion. 10. If a shape is a rectangle, then it has four sides. The shape has four sides. Therefore, A. The shape is a rectangle. B. The shape is a square. C. The shape is a parallelogram. D. The shape is a kite. E. No valid conclusion.