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景颇族·目瑙纵歌 The Jingpo People & Munao Zongge 一、民族简介 | Ethnic Overview 景颇族是云南世居少数民族之一，主要聚居在德宏傣族景颇族自治州的芒市、盈江、陇川、瑞丽等地。景颇族拥有本民族语言景颇语，属汉藏语系藏缅语族。景颇族源于古代氐羌族群，历史上由青藏高原南部逐步南迁至云南西部。景颇族信仰万物有灵的原始宗教，认为山川、树木、河流皆有灵性。其传统文化以口传史诗、刀舞、织锦和目瑙纵歌为核心，是一个用身体记忆历史的民族。景颇族创世史诗《目瑙斋瓦》讲述了天地形成、人类起源与族群迁徙的完整叙事，是理解这个民族的钥匙。 The Jingpo are one of Yunnan's indigenous ethnic groups, primarily living in Mangshi, Yingjiang, Longchuan, and Ruili in Dehong Prefecture. They speak the Jingpo language, part of the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. The Jingpo trace their origins to the ancient Di-Qiang tribes, who migrated south from the southern Tibetan Plateau to western Yunnan. They practice animism, believing that mountains, rivers, and trees all possess spirits. Their traditional culture revolves around oral epics, knife dances, weaving, and the Munao Zongge festival—a people who remember their history through the body. The creation epic Munao Zhaiwa narrates the formation of heaven and earth, the origin of humankind, and the migration of the people, serving as the key to understanding their culture. 二、民族服饰 | Traditional Costume 景颇族服饰以黑、红、白三色为主色调，讲究沉稳与热烈的平衡。 女性穿黑色平绒紧身上衣，胸前和后背镶嵌银泡、银链，下着红色织锦筒裙，配红黑毛线护腿。景颇族女性以银饰为美，银泡、银项圈、银手镯佩戴越多，越显尊贵与勤劳。行走时，银饰叮当作响，老一辈形容这声音“像孔雀一样吉祥”。 男性穿黑色圆领对襟上衣，宽大黑裤，头缠白布包头，腰间佩长刀，肩挎织锦筒帕。长刀既是生活工具，也是景颇男儿的身份象征。有句话说：“景颇族少了长刀，就像断了胳膊少了腿。” 景颇族织锦图案丰富，常见蕨叶花、五谷六畜、太阳月亮等纹样，每一种图案都有其特定的文化含义。 Jingpo costume is dominated by black, red, and white—a balance of solemnity and vibrancy. Women wear a black velvet fitted jacket adorned with silver studs and chains on the chest and back, paired with a red woven tube skirt and red-and-black woolen leg wraps. Silver is the essence of Jingpo female beauty: the more silver studs, neck rings, and bracelets a woman wears, the more noble and industrious she is considered. As she walks, the silver jingles—elders describe the sound as "as auspicious as a peacock." Men wear a black round-collar jacket, loose black trousers, a white cloth turban, a long knife at the waist, and a woven shoulder bag. The long knife is both a daily tool and a symbol of Jingpo manhood. As the saying goes: "A Jingpo without a knife is like a body without arms or legs." Jingpo weaving features rich patterns—fern leaves, crops and livestock, the sun and moon—each carrying specific cultural meaning. 三、目瑙纵歌 | Munao Zongge 目瑙纵歌是景颇族最盛大的传统节日与歌舞盛会。“目瑙”为景颇语，“纵歌”为载瓦语，均为“跳舞、集会歌舞”之意，合起来即“众人欢聚起舞”。 景颇族创世史诗记载，太阳神的子女最先跳目瑙纵歌，百鸟学会后在大青树上起舞，景颇族祖先将其带回人间，从此代代相传。 2006年，目瑙纵歌被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。1983年起，成为德宏州法定民族节日，每年农历正月十五前后举行。 舞场中央竖立目瑙示栋，柱身彩绘太阳、月亮、螺旋形舞蹈路线、蕨叶花、五谷六畜及刀剑交叉图案。这些图案是舞步的“地图”，记录着景颇族的宇宙观和迁徙记忆。 领舞者称为瑙双和瑙巴。瑙双头戴犀鸟羽冠，身着织锦长袍，手持长刀，走在队伍最前方。群众跟随其行进，队形自然蜿蜒成形，如同一条流动的彩带。 上万人同舞，无需排练，舞步整齐划一。景颇族祖先把族群迁徙路线融入舞步，每一次踏步都在复刻先民走过的路。 在芒市广场、陇川等地，目瑙纵歌已实现“天天跳”，成为当地各族群众日常文化生活的一部分，也是游客到德宏必体验的文化项目。 English: Munao Zongge is the grandest traditional festival and dance gathering of the Jingpo people. "Munao" is a Jingpo word and "Zongge" is a Zaiwa word, both meaning "dance" or "gathering dance"—together, "a grand gathering of people dancing together." According to the Jingpo creation epic, the children of the Sun God were the first to dance Munao Zongge. Birds learned it and danced on a giant banyan tree. The Jingpo ancestors brought it back to the human world, and it has been passed down ever since. In 2006, Munao Zongge was inscribed on China's first list of national-level intangible cultural heritage. Since 1983, it has been a statutory ethnic festival in Dehong Prefecture, held around the 15th day of the first lunar month. At the center of the dance ground stands the Munao Shidong, a totem pole painted with the sun, moon, spiral dance routes, fern leaves, crops and livestock, and crossed knives. These patterns serve as a "map" for the dance steps, recording the Jingpo people's cosmology and migration memory. The dance is led by the Naoshuang and Naoba. The Naoshuang wears a hornbill feather crown and a woven robe, holding a long knife, leading the procession. The crowd follows, and the formation naturally winds into shape like a flowing ribbon. Tens of thousands dance together without rehearsal, yet their steps are perfectly synchronized. The Jingpo ancestors embedded their migration routes into the dance steps—every step retraces the path of their forebears. In Mangshi Square and Longchuan, Munao Zongge is now performed "every day," becoming part of daily cultural life for all ethnic groups in Dehong, and a must-experience cultural activity for visitors to the region. #tibetan dance performance #yunnan style dance #chinese lion dance competition #chinese traditional food #tibetan cham dance #jingpo Mu Nao Zong Ge #Yunnan Ethnic #Yunnan Ethnic Dance #Mu Nao Zong Ge Dance #jingpo dance #景颇族 #目瑙纵歌 #民族文化 #云南文旅 #民族文化 #民族舞蹈 #民族服饰 #云南