Psychiatry, Insane Asylums, Mental Illness, ECT, Lobotomies, Freud & Jung | Lex Fridman Podcast #502

Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-t... CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Andrew's Website (UCSD faculty page): https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/fac... Desperate Remedies (book): https://amzn.to/4vmBquI Madness in Civilization (book): https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/wispr_flow-e... Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep502-sb LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep502-sb Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep50... BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-e... Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-e... OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:20 - Crisis in Psychiatry 30:58 - Categories of Mental Illness 38:17 - Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis 50:23 - The Ice Pick Lobotomy 56:36 - Malaria "Cure" for Syphilis 1:14:52 - Insulin Coma Therapy 1:22:44 - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 1:42:13 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 1:59:45 - Freud and Psychoanalysis 2:29:40 - WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 2:50:14 - Antipsychotics 3:13:35 - Antidepressants 3:26:29 - Future of Psychiatry PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist:    • Lex Fridman Podcast   Clips Channel:    / lexclips   SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram:   / lexfridman   TikTok:   / lexfridman   LinkedIn:   / lexfridman   Facebook:   / lexfridman   Patreon:   / lexfridman   Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit:   / lexfridman