Nutritional Requirements of Plant Tissue Culture

Nutritional Requirements of Plant Tissue Culture: Culture Media, MS Medium Composition and Preparation DESCRIPTION What exactly do plant cells need to grow in a jar? This animated lesson explains the nutritional requirements of plant tissue culture and how a culture medium is made. We cover the five groups of constituents: inorganic nutrients, the carbon source, organic supplements, growth regulators and the solidifying agent. You will see macronutrients and micronutrients on a log-scale chart of MS medium (with the 0.5 mmol/l dividing line), why nitrogen is given as both nitrate and ammonium, why iron is supplied as an Fe-EDTA chelate and stored in amber bottles, and what each element does in the plant. We explain sucrose as the carbon source (2-5 %, 30 g/l in MS) and what happens to it in the autoclave, myo-inositol, vitamins (thiamine and others), amino acids, natural extracts such as coconut water and casein hydrolysate, activated charcoal, and antibiotics. The growth regulators section covers auxins (IAA, IBA, 2,4-D, NAA, NOA), cytokinins (BAP, 2iP, kinetin, zeatin, TDZ, meta-topolin), gibberellins and abscisic acid. Then come gelling agents (agar, gellan gum), pH 5.6-5.8, the main basal media (MS 1962, B5, WPM, N6), the full MS recipe per litre, preparation from ready-made powder or stock solutions, the ten preparation steps, and today's developments such as photoautotrophic culture and machine-learning media optimization. Chapters 0:00 Introduction 0:38 What is a culture medium? The five constituents 1:15 Macronutrients and micronutrients 2:05 Nitrogen: nitrate and ammonium 2:43 Iron and the Fe-EDTA chelate 3:24 What the macronutrients do 4:10 What the micronutrients do 4:51 Sugar: the carbon source, and myo-inositol 5:48 Vitamins 6:30 Amino acids 7:01 Natural extracts 7:37 Activated charcoal 8:13 Antibiotics 8:53 Growth regulators: auxins 9:46 Cytokinins 10:40 Gibberellins and abscisic acid 11:12 Agar and other gels 11:56 Getting the pH right 12:30 Which basal medium? MS, B5, WPM, N6 13:30 MS medium recipe: macro, iron and micro salts 14:27 MS medium recipe: organics, sugar, agar, pH 15:25 Preparation from ready-made powder 15:53 Preparation from stock solutions 16:42 Preparing medium: steps 1-5 17:18 Preparing medium: steps 6-10 18:07 Culture media today 18:47 Recap Topics covered: culture medium, nutrient medium, inorganic nutrients, macronutrients, micronutrients, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, Fe-EDTA, chelate, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, iodine, carbon source, sucrose, glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, vitamins, thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, amino acids, glycine, glutamine, casein hydrolysate, coconut water, yeast extract, activated charcoal, antibiotics, cefotaxime, kanamycin, auxins, IAA, IBA, 2,4-D, NAA, cytokinins, BAP, kinetin, zeatin, 2iP, thidiazuron, meta-topolin, gibberellin, GA3, abscisic acid, agar, gellan gum, Phytagel, pH, MS medium, Murashige and Skoog, B5 medium, woody plant medium, N6 medium, stock solutions, media preparation, photoautotrophic culture. Course: Principles of Plant Biotechnology