Spectrum Modern History Chapter 4 | India on the Eve of British Conquest | Modern History UPSC

#SpectrumModernHistory #ModernHistoryForUPSC #PratikNayak Chapter 4 of Spectrum, Unit 3: India on the Eve of British Conquest. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 🚀 Complete UPSC Preparation in One Place 🔗 Enrol Now: https://unacademy.com/goal/upsc-civil... 🔥 Plans starting at ₹16,999 🎁 Get up to 12 Months FREE* on select plans ✅ GS + CSAT | Live + Recorded Classes | Test Series | Doubt Solving ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Aurangzeb died in 1707. Within fifty years the Mughal emperor was a pensioner, Delhi had been looted twice by foreign invaders, and a dozen regional states were running their own affairs. This session covers how that happened, and why it was the precondition for everything the British did next. FULL SERIES PLAYLIST:    • Complete SPECTRUM Modern Indian History fo...   WHAT THIS SESSION COVERS The session follows the chapter's own three parts. First, the Mughal crisis: the Later Mughals one by one, the succession problem, the kingmakers of the court, and the invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali. Second, the rise of the regional states, classified as successor, independent and rebellious, with a survey of each. Third, the Dark Age debate on 18th century society, economy and culture, and why the evidence cuts against it. TIMESTAMPS 00:00:00 Precap 00:00:59 Recap and what Chapter 4 covers 00:04:48 Unacademy batches and subscription 00:06:00 The three parts of this chapter 00:16:16 Later Mughals: chronology and the succession problem 00:23:50 Bahadur Shah I: "Shah-e-Bekhabar" and peace with the Marathas 00:31:09 Bahadur Shah I dies and the body lies unburied for a month 00:32:10 Jahandar Shah, Zulfiqar Khan and the Ijara system 00:35:05 The Sayyid Brothers: kingmakers of the Mughal court 00:37:16 Farrukhsiyar's illness, the Farman of 1717 and his murder 00:42:14 Muhammad Shah Rangeela and the court factions 00:47:20 Nadir Shah's invasion and the Battle of Karnal, 1739 00:51:54 Ahmad Shah Bahadur and Alamgir II 00:55:05 Shah Alam II: the fugitive emperor 00:58:06 Mir Qasim, the Battle of Buxar and the Treaty of Allahabad 01:01:09 Maratha resurrection under Madhavrao and Mahadji Scindia 01:03:14 Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Durrani title 01:06:45 Third Battle of Panipat, 1761 01:09:08 Why always Panipat: the 2015 Mains PYQ 01:11:01 Akbar II, Bahadur Shah Zafar and the end of the Mughals 01:14:03 Why the Mughal Empire declined 01:18:20 Jagirdari crisis and the shifting loyalty of zamindars 01:21:59 Historians on the decline: Satish Chandra to Jadunath Sarkar 01:27:20 Rise of the Regional States: successor, independent, rebellious 01:31:22 Mapping the fragmented polity of 18th century India 01:37:31 Timeline: when each regional state was formed 01:41:34 Hyderabad, Awadh and Bengal 01:46:31 Rajputs, Mysore and the Jats 01:52:12 Travancore and the Carnatic 01:55:38 The Sikhs: misls, Ranjit Singh and the Treaty of Amritsar 02:03:25 The Marathas, Rohilkhand and Farrukhabad 02:08:08 Why no regional state built an all-India polity 02:14:39 The Dark Age Debate 02:17:31 Socio-economic conditions and agriculture 02:23:39 Trade, industry and India's export dominance 02:27:55 Textile centres, shipbuilding and the Kunjali Marakkars 02:33:49 Peter the Great and Shashi Tharoor on Indian commerce 02:38:18 Education: pathshalas, maktabs and William Adam's report 02:41:50 Society, caste, women and slavery 02:50:09 Art, architecture and the Jantar Mantar observatories 02:55:29 Growth of Urdu, Tamil, Punjabi and Malayalam 02:57:52 Summary: was the 18th century really a Dark Age 03:01:48 Dedicated preparation on Unacademy NEXT VIDEO Chapter 5, Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India. Plassey, Buxar, the Subsidiary Alliance and the wars against Mysore, the Marathas and Punjab. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 👨‍🏫 Learn from the MOST Trusted History Educator Pratik Nayak Sir has helped thousands of aspirants crack UPSC Prelims & Mains through conceptual clarity + current affairs integration. 👉 Profile: https://unacademy.com/@nayakpratik 👉 Free Classes: https://unacademy.com/@nayakpratik/sp... Let's Crack It! #UPSC #ModernHistory #Spectrum #PratikNayak #LaterMughals #UPSC2027 #UPSC2028 #NadirShah #PanipatBattle #MarathaEmpire #RanjitSingh #UPSCPrelims #GSPaper1 #Unacademy #UPSCUnstoppables india on the eve of british conquest, spectrum chapter 4, spectrum modern history, modern history for upsc, spectrum book upsc, how to read spectrum, a brief history of modern india, modern indian history, pratik nayak, later mughals, decline of mughal empire, 18th century india, nadir shah invasion, ahmad shah abdali, third battle of panipat, shah alam ii, rise of regional states, jagirdari crisis, dark age debate, maratha confederacy, ranjit singh, upsc 2027, upsc 2028, gs paper 1