Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene || Halogenation of Benzene with Mechanism #benzene

👉Electrophilic substitution in benzene occurs when an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring. This reaction generally happens in two stages. 👉The first stage involves the formation of a benzalkonium intermediate(Benzenonium Ion), also known as a sigma complex. This intermediate is resonance-stabilized and contains four π electrons, which makes it more reactive than the original aromatic ring. However, this reaction proceeds slower compared to electrophilic addition in alkenes. 👉In this initial step, the specific substituents on the ring influence the orientation of the product. This orientation-determining step is the slowest part of the reaction. The rate-enhancing impact of each substituent can be understood by examining its interaction with the delocalized positive charge in the intermediates. #mwschemistry #aromaticcompounds #benzene #chemistryclass12 #secondyearchemistry #wakacademy #mjdchemistry #chemistryuntold #sindhboardteaching #ilmkiduniya #youtube #substitutionreaction