What If a Gray Hole Opened a Wormhole? | Beyond the Universe EP.1

Foo, a gray hole, tries Nom's space-bending trick and folds space until it tears. The result is a wormhole linking the asteroid belt to the Eridanus supervoid, about 3 billion light-years away. Nom sees himself as he was 3 seconds ago, throws one mouth far across space, then tries to eat the wormhole and gets stuck in its throat. From then on the wormhole swings between two fates: it can collapse into a black hole or blow up. How do the three of them close it, and what is on the other side? Real: Einstein–Rosen bridges, gravitational time dilation (GPS clocks), the Casimir effect, the Eridanus supervoid (reported, still debated) and gravitational waves (LIGO, 2015). Theory: a traversable wormhole needs negative energy to stay open, and a perturbed one either collapses or inflates (Shinkai & Hayward, 2002). Imagined, and labelled on screen: Foo as the battery, the eyes on the far side, Nom's gravity cables and the way they close the wormhole. Chapters 0:00 It won't close 0:20 Nom bends spacetime 0:40 Foo folds space 0:54 Portal ping-pong 1:19 A mirror out of sync 1:32 Nom vs Nom from 3 seconds ago 1:53 A time loop 2:13 The hammer throw 2:39 The wormhole 2:54 Fold the paper 3:06 Where is the other end? 3:23 Foo is the battery 3:47 Collapse or blow-up 4:11 Something looks back 4:30 Nom eats the wormhole 4:49 Blow-up 5:09 The pendulum 5:33 Pulled from both sides 5:49 The three-step plan 6:00 The first try fails 6:23 90 seconds 6:53 Nom holds both ends 7:07 One breath at a time 7:33 Nom has to get out 7:47 The pinhole 7:59 Phew 8:29 Something came through Who's looking out of Foo's marble? Leave your guess in the comments 👇 Sources • Shinkai & Hayward 2002, Phys. Rev. D 66, 044005: A perturbed wormhole either collapses to a black hole or inflates (the COLLAPSE / BLOW-UP balance) · arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0205041 • Frolov & Novikov 1990, Phys. Rev. D 42, 1057: A mouth held in a strong gravitational field falls behind the other mouth in time (the 3-second delay, the time loop) · link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.42.1057 • Lobo 2007, traversable wormholes review: Einstein–Rosen bridges pinch off too quickly to cross; a traversable wormhole needs negative energy ("exotic matter"); seen from outside, a mouth attracts like any mass · arxiv.org/abs/0710.4474 • James, von Tunzelmann, Franklin & Thorne 2015, Am. J. Phys.: Ray-traced wormhole for Interstellar: the mouth looks like a crystal ball showing another sky · arxiv.org/abs/1502.03809 • Klimchitskaya & Mostepanenko (Casimir review); Lamoreaux 1997: Between two closely spaced plates the vacuum energy density is negative; first measured precisely in 1997 · arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0609145 • Hawking 1992, chronology protection: Radiation circulating through a time loop would build up without limit and destroy it · en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_protection_conjecture • Szapudi et al. 2015; Mackenzie et al. 2017 (CMB Cold Spot): A supervoid ~1.8 billion light-years across lies ~3 billion light-years away, toward the Cold Spot; whether it explains the Cold Spot is debated · en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMB_cold_spot • Morris & Thorne 1988; Chandra FAQ: A traversable wormhole needs a large amount of negative energy at its throat · chandra.si.edu/resources/faq/black_hole/bhole-4.html • Pogge (Ohio State), GPS and relativity: Gravitational time dilation: GPS satellite clocks gain about 45 µs per day relative to clocks on the ground · astronomy.ohio-state.edu/pogge.1/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html • AMNH, mass of the asteroid belt: The whole asteroid belt has about 3–4% of the Moon's mass · tumblr.amnh.org/post/147660823749/ • Ceres, Jupiter, Earth (NASA fact sheets): Ceres ~940 km across · Earth 12,742 km · Jupiter 139,820 km (900 km ≈ Ceres; 70,000 km ≈ half the width of Jupiter) • LIGO Caltech: Accelerating masses send out gravitational waves; first direct detection on 14 September 2015 · ligo.caltech.edu/detection • Maldacena & Susskind 2013 (ER = EPR); Quanta 2015: Hypothesis: entangled particles may be joined by microscopic wormholes · quantamagazine.org/20150424-wormholes-entanglement-firewalls-er-epr/ • Imagined (labelled on screen): Foo as the battery; the creatures on the far side; Nom's throw; the gravity cables; how they close the wormhole. The 3-second shift is exaggerated; the mechanism is real. #Wormhole #Science #Space #BlackHole #Physics #ScienceAnimation #NomAndLumi #Foo