Pathophysiology - Kidney

Kidneys are vital, bean-shaped organs that filter waste and extra water from your blood to produce urine, balancing essential fluids, salts, and minerals while also producing hormones that control blood pressure, make red blood cells, and strengthen bones, acting as your body's filtration system located below the rib cage on either side of your spine. Common issues include kidney stones, infections, or chronic disease, often linked to diabetes or high blood pressure, with severe cases requiring dialysis or transplant.