Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Explained | Types 1, 2 & 4, Urine Anion Gap, Treatment & Doses

Renal tubular acidosis is simply a normal anion gap acidosis in which the kidney, not the gut, is to blame. This complete lecture takes you from physiology to the exact alkali prescription: distal (type 1), proximal (type 2) and Fanconi syndrome, type 4 and voltage-dependent forms, urine pH, urine anion gap, urine osmolal gap, loading tests, every dose, stones, nephrocalcinosis, four clinical cases and 26 rapid-fire questions. Three questions name the type: 1. Is the potassium low or high? 2. Can the urine be acidified? 3. Is the kidney making ammonium? CHAPTERS 0:00 The case: a woman whose legs gave way 1:48 Renal tubular acidosis at a glance 7:03 How the kidney handles acid and potassium 14:26 Metabolic acidosis: anion gap, Winter's formula, delta-delta 22:23 Urine tests: urine pH, urine anion gap, osmolal gap, loading tests 30:30 Distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis 36:34 Proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis and Fanconi syndrome 41:15 Hyperkalemic: type 4 and voltage-dependent 47:52 Treating distal disease: every alkali dose 52:59 Treating proximal disease 56:17 Treating type 4 and hyperkalemia 59:28 Stones, nephrocalcinosis and bone 1:04:56 Four clinical cases 1:08:34 Rapid-fire questions (26) 1:13:32 Bedside card and summary For medical students, residents and anyone preparing for internal medicine, nephrology, USMLE, PLAB or clinical exams. For education only. Always check doses, kidney function and local protocols before treating a patient.