The Pathology Every USMLE Step 1 Question Is Built On (Part 2) | Day 2 of 56

Day 2 of 56 Days to Pass USMLE Step 1: we finish general pathology. Amyloid (AL vs AA), dystrophic vs metastatic calcification, pigments, neoplasia (oncogenes vs tumor suppressors, carcinogens, paraneoplastic syndromes, tumor markers), then edema, Virchow's triad, emboli, infarcts and every type of shock. Real images, motion diagrams and 3 practice questions. Hey, colleagues! I'm Dr. Aryan. Every day for 56 days we cover one block of Step 1, only what NBME and USMLE actually test. Subscribe and study with me. ▶ Free 50-question sample exam (no card): https://steplobe.com/yt/day02 ▶ The 56-day plan and my Step 1 books: https://steplobe.com/books ▶ Pass guarantee terms: https://steplobe.com/guarantee ▶ Day 1 (cell injury, inflammation, healing): watch it first if you missed it CHAPTERS Master USMLE Step 1 pathology by finishing general path topics including amyloidosis, cancer genes, and shock. Build a foundation for your exam score. This session completes our review of general pathology, covering the essential mechanisms of amyloidosis, neoplasia, and hemodynamics. We examine the differences between AL and AA amyloid, the two-hit hypothesis for oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and the clinical presentation of Virchow's triad. This content is curated for students preparing for the USMLE Step 1 exam, focusing only on the high-yield concepts tested by the NBME. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to categorize different types of shock, identify the grade and stage of tumors, and differentiate between dystrophic and metastatic calcification. We walk through real clinical images and practice questions to ensure these concepts stick for your test day. Use this material to solidify your understanding of how systemic pathology impacts patient physiology. Subscribe for daily USMLE Step 1 breakdowns and study with me throughout the 56-day plan. What is the most difficult topic in general pathology for you to memorize? Master hemodynamics and general pathology to secure free points on your exam. This session simplifies complex physiology. We wrap up our general pathology unit by connecting clinical presentations to core mechanisms. You will learn to distinguish between amyloid types like AL and AA, identify the hallmarks of cancer, and apply the two-hit hypothesis to oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We also break down the specific hemodynamics of shock, including how CO, SVR and PCWP shift during clinical emergencies. Beyond basic theory, we look at Virchow's triad and the formation of thrombi to clarify why certain patients are at higher risk for PE or infarction. By reviewing real clinical images and high-yield practice questions, you will be prepared to categorize tumors and differentiate calcification types with confidence. Subscribe for daily USMLE Step 1 breakdowns and study with me throughout the 56-day plan. Which of these pathology topics do you find the most challenging to memorize for the NBME? 0:00 Welcome back: Day 2 0:55 Amyloid: Congo red and apple-green birefringence 1:23 AL vs AA amyloid 1:54 Other amyloid types: dialysis, diabetes, medullary thyroid 2:23 Dystrophic vs metastatic calcification 2:53 Psammoma bodies (real image) 3:06 Pigments: lipofuscin, hemosiderin, melanin, bilirubin, carbon 3:27 Heart failure cells 3:36 Practice question 1 4:34 Summary: amyloid, calcium and pigments 5:31 Neoplasia: benign vs malignant 6:09 The hallmarks of cancer 6:31 Oncogenes vs tumor suppressors: two-hit hypothesis 6:46 Genes to know: KRAS, BCR-ABL, HER2, MYC, RB, TP53, APC, BRCA, VHL 7:37 Retinoblastoma: leukocoria (real image) 7:45 Carcinogens to know 8:11 Grade vs stage 8:23 Paraneoplastic syndromes and tumor markers 8:57 Practice question 2 9:58 Summary: neoplasia in 5 points 10:30 Edema: Starling forces 11:03 Virchow's triad and thrombophilia 11:29 Lines of Zahn (real image) 11:41 Emboli: PE, fat, amniotic fluid, air 12:08 Saddle pulmonary embolus (real image) 12:13 Red vs pale infarcts 12:28 Shock: CO, SVR and PCWP 13:05 Practice question 3 14:04 Summary: hemodynamics in 5 points Image credits (Wikimedia Commons) "Gastric Amyloidosis (Congo red stain, crossed polarizers)" by Ed Uthman, CC BY 2.0 "Psammoma body Papillary thyroid carcinoma magnx400" by Eriugen, CC BY-SA 4.0 "Aspiration of blood Case 180" by Yale Rosen, CC BY-SA 2.0 "Laminations in a thrombus - intermed mag" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 "Saddle thromboembolus" by Yale Rosen, CC BY-SA 2.0 "Retinoblastoma", National Cancer Institute, public domain "Myocardial lipofuscin" by Mikael Häggström, M.D., CC0 "Kupffer cell with hemosiderin and hepatocyte with lipofuscin, iron stain" by Mikael Häggström, M.D., CC0 "Blue nevus (4 of 4)" by Ed Uthman, CC BY 2.0 "Jaundice of the sclerotic (cropped)" by Bobjgalindo, CC BY-SA 4.0 "Anthracosis" by Yale Rosen, CC BY-SA 2.0 For education only, not medical advice. USMLE is a joint program of the FSMB and NBME; StepLobe is not affiliated with them. #USMLE #USMLEStep1 #Pathology