All 9 Crusades Explained in 25 Minutes | Raymond Ibrahim

Raymond Ibrahim joins The Winston Marshall Show to break down the nine Crusades, from Pope Urban II and the First Crusade to the fall of Acre in 1291 and later crusading campaigns. A historian and author specialising in Islamic, medieval and Middle Eastern history, he is the author of 'The Two Swords of Christ', a study of the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller. He covers Jerusalem, Edessa, the Second Crusade, Richard the Lionheart and Saladin during the Third Crusade, the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, Saint Francis of Assisi, Frederick II and Saint Louis of France. The discussion also examines the Reconquista, the capture of Lisbon, the role of the Templars and Hospitallers, Edward Longshanks, Cyprus, the Mamluks and the military challenges faced by Crusader states in the Holy Land. Ibrahim explains why the conventional numbering of the Crusades is a modern framework and how crusading continued beyond 1291 through conflicts involving the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes, Malta and wider European attempts to recover Christian territory. Watch the full episode:    • ‘Crusades Are Coming Back To The West’ - R...