How Humans Made Metal From ZERO (From Green Rock to Steel) | Urdu Subtitles

Put a green rock in a very hot fire, and shining liquid metal runs out. For most of history, humans had only stone, wood and bone. So how did we learn to make metal? سبز پتھر کو بہت تیز آگ میں رکھیں تو اس میں سے چمکتی ہوئی پگھلی دھات نکلتی ہے۔ انسان نے دھات بنانا کیسے سیکھا؟ (اردو سب ٹائٹل کے ساتھ) In this episode of Made From Zero TV, we follow metal from the first lumps of copper and gold found in the ground, to smelting green malachite in Serbia 7,000 years ago, casting in moulds, the 6,000-year-old lost-wax amulet from Mehrgarh in Pakistan, the Bronze Age and its long tin trade, iron from meteorites, the first iron ovens, the fine steel of India, and Henry Bessemer's cheap steel that built the modern world. Chapters 0:00 Liquid metal from a green rock 0:32 Stones That Bend: copper and gold 1:10 Fire Makes Metal: smelting 1:46 Pouring Shapes: moulds and lost wax 2:24 The Bronze Age 3:04 Iron and Steel Previous episode: How Humans Invented Boats From ZERO Next episode: How humans invented paper, from zero. Subscribe so you don't miss it. Sources and further reading Miljana Radivojević et al. (2010), Journal of Archaeological Science: "On the origins of extractive metallurgy: new evidence from Europe" (Belovode, Serbia) Benjamin Roberts, Christopher Thornton & Vincent Pigott (2009), Antiquity: "Development of metallurgy in Eurasia" Mathieu Thoury et al. (2016), Nature Communications: the 6,000-year-old lost-wax copper amulet from Mehrgarh Cemal Pulak (1998), International Journal of Nautical Archaeology: "The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview" Daniela Comelli et al. (2016), Meteoritics & Planetary Science: the meteoritic origin of Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade R. F. Tylecote, "A History of Metallurgy" (2nd ed., 1992) Sharada Srinivasan & Srinivasa Ranganathan, "India's Legendary Wootz Steel" (2004) Henry Bessemer (1856), "The Manufacture of Malleable Iron and Steel without Fuel" World Steel Association, "World Steel in Figures": about 1.9 billion tonnes of steel a year #history #metal #bronzeage #urdu #documentary #madefromzero #madefromzerotv #دھات