How Humans Invented Glass From ZERO (Turning Sand Into Light) | Urdu Subtitles

Take a handful of sand. It is rough and dull, and you cannot see through it. But heat it in a fire that is hot enough, and it turns into something as clear as water. So how did humans learn to turn sand into glass? مٹھی بھر ریت کھردری ہوتی ہے اور اس کے پار کچھ نظر نہیں آتا، لیکن تیز آگ میں یہ پانی جیسا صاف شیشہ بن جاتی ہے۔ انسان نے شیشہ کیسے ایجاد کیا؟ (اردو سب ٹائٹل کے ساتھ) In this episode of Made From Zero TV, we follow glass from black volcanic obsidian, to the first glass beads of Mesopotamia, the recipe of sand, soda and lime, Egypt's first glass bottles, the invention of glassblowing on the coast of Syria, Roman windows, the painted mosque lamps of Damascus and Cairo, the glass bangles of Hyderabad in Sindh, the first eyeglasses, the glassmakers of Murano, telescopes and microscopes, the Crystal Palace, float glass, and the glass fibres that carry the internet under the oceans. Chapters 0:00 Sand into glass 0:31 Glass From Nature 1:10 The First Glass 1:56 Glassblowing 2:35 Clear Glass 3:20 Glass Everywhere Previous episode: How Humans Invented Clocks From ZERO Next episode: How humans learned to use electricity, from zero. Subscribe so you don't miss it. Sources and further reading Corning Museum of Glass, "All About Glass" (cmog.org): history of glass, core-forming, glassblowing, Murano Pliny the Elder, "Natural History", Book 36 (about AD 77): the story of the sailors and the beach Julian Henderson, "Ancient Glass: An Interdisciplinary Exploration" (2013) E. Marianne Stern, "Roman, Byzantine and Early Medieval Glass" (2001) Stefano Carboni & David Whitehouse, "Glass of the Sultans" (2001): enamelled mosque lamps Vincent Ilardi, "Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes" (2007) Alan Macfarlane & Gerry Martin, "The Glass Bathyscaphe: How Glass Changed the World" (2002) L. A. B. Pilkington (1969), Proceedings of the Royal Society A: "The Float Glass Process" Colin Renfrew, J. E. Dixon & J. R. Cann (1966), "Obsidian and Early Cultural Contact in the Near East" #history #glass #invention #urdu #documentary #madefromzero #madefromzerotv #شیشہ