The Eclipse That Saved Einstein

In August 1914 three teams of astronomers raced to photograph a total solar eclipse over Russia and test Einstein's prediction that the Sun bends starlight. War, arrests and clouds stopped every one of them. Why may that failure have saved Einstein's theory, and how did Eddington's Príncipe and Sobral expeditions finally measure it in 1919? Chapters 0:00 Introduction 0:05 Three Shadows 2:44 Can the Sun Bend Light? 6:56 The Astronomer Who Listened 11:50 Summer, 1914 16:55 Twice the Answer 20:20 A Quaker on an Island 27:30 November 6th Sources: Crispino & Paolantonio (2020) arXiv:2004.11681; Lemos (2019) arXiv:1912.05587; Dyson, Eddington & Davidson (1920); Wikipedia: Eddington experiment, Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914; Astronomy.com; University of St Andrews Eclipse History. Eclipse path computed from JPL DE421; coastlines Natural Earth (public domain). Illustrations are reconstructions. Narration is a synthetic voice.