JAMB/WAEC Physics 2027 EP 22 - Waves, Properties & Types + Likely Questions & Solutions

JAMB/WAEC Physics EP 22 – Waves, Properties & Types + Likely Questions & Solutions Welcome to O3Schools Physics Tutorials. In this lesson, we study Waves, their Properties and Types, one of the most important topics in Physics and a frequently tested area in JAMB, WAEC, NECO, and Post-UTME examinations. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN • Meaning of Waves • Types of Waves • Properties of Waves • Wave Terminologies • Electromagnetic Waves • Mechanical Waves • Likely Exam Questions WHAT IS A WAVE? A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter permanently. Examples: • Sound waves • Water waves • Light waves • Radio waves WAVE TERMINOLOGIES 1. Wavelength (λ) The distance between two successive crests or troughs. 2. Frequency (f) The number of complete vibrations per second. Unit: Hertz (Hz) 3. Period (T) The time taken for one complete vibration. Unit: Second (s) 4. Amplitude The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. 5. Wave Velocity The speed at which a wave travels. Relationship: Where: • v = wave speed • f = frequency • λ = wavelength TYPES OF WAVES 1. Mechanical Waves These require a material medium for transmission. Examples: • Sound waves • Water waves • Seismic waves Characteristics: • Cannot travel through vacuum • Require particles for transmission 2. Electromagnetic Waves These do not require a material medium. Examples: • Light waves • Radio waves • X-rays • Gamma rays Characteristics: • Travel through vacuum • Travel at approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANICAL WAVES Transverse Waves Particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. Examples: • Water waves • Waves on strings Longitudinal Waves Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion. Examples: • Sound waves • Compression waves PROPERTIES OF WAVES 1. Reflection Bouncing back of waves after striking a surface. 2. Refraction Change in direction when waves move from one medium to another. 3. Diffraction Bending of waves around obstacles. 4. Interference Combination of two or more waves. 5. Polarization A property shown only by transverse waves. LIKELY EXAM QUESTIONS 1. A wave transfers: A. Matter only B. Energy only C. Matter and energy permanently D. Heat only Answer: B 2. The SI unit of frequency is: A. Metre B. Second C. Hertz D. Joule Answer: C 3. Which of the following is an electromagnetic wave? A. Sound wave B. Water wave C. Light wave D. Seismic wave Answer: C 4. Mechanical waves require: A. Vacuum B. Medium C. Electricity D. Magnetism Answer: B 5. The bending of waves around obstacles is called: A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Polarization Answer: C PAST QUESTION A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 4 m. Calculate its velocity. Solution Using the wave equation: v = fλ v = 50 × 4 v = 200 m/s Answer: 200 m/s COMMON JAMB AND WAEC EXAMINATION AREAS • Wave Motion • Wave Equation • Frequency • Wavelength • Amplitude • Mechanical Waves • Electromagnetic Waves • Reflection • Refraction • Diffraction WHO SHOULD WATCH? ✓ JAMB Candidates ✓ WAEC Candidates ✓ NECO Candidates ✓ GCE Candidates ✓ Post-UTME Candidates ✓ Science Students SEARCH KEYWORDS Waves, Wave Motion, Types of Waves, Mechanical Waves, Electromagnetic Waves, Wave Properties, Frequency, Wavelength, Wave Speed, JAMB Physics Tutorial, WAEC Physics Tutorial, Physics Questions and Answers, O3Schools Physics Tutorials. If you are searching for Waves, Wave Motion, Frequency, Wavelength, Electromagnetic Waves, Mechanical Waves, Physics Lessons, JAMB Physics Tutorials, WAEC Physics Lessons, Physics Questions and Answers, or free Physics tutorials online, O3Schools is your trusted learning destination. #JAMBPhysics #WAECPhysics #Waves #WaveMotion #ElectromagneticWaves #MechanicalWaves #PhysicsTutorial #O3Schools #JAMBTutorials #WAECTutorials 📥 Download Study Resources: 📘 Waves Formula Sheet + Solved Questions App – [https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...] 🎞️ Watch the Full Physics Playlist – [   • JAMB/WAEC Online Physics 2027 Tutorials + ...  ] 📌 Subscribe & Turn On 🔔 Notifications for More Exam-focused Lessons!