Free Radical Substitution | Synthesis of Halogenoalkanes

Learn how alkanes react with halogens to form halogenoalkanes through free radical substitution reactions. This A-Level Chemistry Learn video explains what free radicals are, how homolytic fission forms them, and how the initiation, propagation and termination stages work. You’ll also learn how to write equations for each stage, write overall equations for substitution reactions, and apply the mechanism to further substitution of halogenoalkanes. 📖 Free Learn Pack 📖 Don’t just watch — learn actively. Download the FREE Learn Pack and use it alongside this lesson to actively build your understanding. The Learn Pack helps you organise key concepts, work through examples and create a strong foundation for effective revision. 🔗 https://mrcolescience.co.uk/a-level-c... 🧪 A Better Way to Study A-Level Chemistry 🧪 MrColeScience is built around the Learn, Revise, Practise Method — a structured approach designed to help you build understanding, strengthen your memory and apply your knowledge confidently in exams. Every topic follows the same three-step journey: 📖 Learn – Build a clear understanding of the chemistry through focused, exam-relevant lessons. 🧠 Revise – Strengthen your memory using effective revision strategies. ✍️ Practise – Apply your knowledge confidently using exam-style questions and worked solutions. 📚 In this lesson you’ll learn 📚 ✅ What a free radical is and how free radicals are formed by homolytic fission. ✅ Why the essential conditions for free radical substitution are. ✅ What the stages of free radical substitution are ✅ How to write equations for the initiation, propagation and termination stages of free-radical substitution. ✅ How to write balanced overall equations for free-radical substitution reactions. ✅ What happens in terms of further substitution reactions when the halogen is in excess. ✅ How free-radical substitution can also occur with halogenoalkanes. ✅ How to apply your understanding of the mechanism to unfamiliar reactions. 🎓 Who this lesson is for 🎓 This lesson is designed for students studying AQA A-Level Chemistry. It is also suitable for students studying equivalent content with OCR, Edexcel and other A-Level Chemistry specifications. 🎥 Continue learning 🎥 Full Topic Playlist:    • Alkanes | AQA A-Level Chemistry   Next Lesson:    • Introduction to Halogenoalkanes | Structur...   Follow the lessons in order to build your understanding step by step, then continue through revision and exam practice to fully master the topic. 🔗 More from MrColeScience 🔗 Helping students succeed in A-Level Chemistry with the Learn, Revise, Practise Method — a better way to study. 🌍 https://mrcolescience.co.uk 📖 Free Learn Packs 🧠 Revision resources ✍️ Exam practice ⏱️ Timestamps ⏱️ 00:00 – Synthesising Halogenoalkanes 01:13 – Free Radicals 03:19 – Free Radical Substitution 04:16 – Initiation 05:58 – Propagation 09:02 – Termination 09:41 – Overall Equations 10:28 – Further Substitutions 13:05 – Halogenoalkanes and Free Radical Substitution 15:14 – Next Steps #ALevelChemistry #OrganicChemistry #MrColeScience