Epidemiology Part 4 Malayalam | Bias, Confounding, Hill’s Criteria | NEET PG, AIAPGET, NExT

എപ്പിഡെമിയോളജി റാപ്പിഡ് റിവിഷൻ പാർട്ട് 2 മലയാളത്തിൽ: NEET PG, NExT, AIAPGET, UPSC, PSC, MD എൻട്രൻസ്, MPH, PhD എൻട്രൻസ് പരീക്ഷകൾക്ക്. Part 2 of the Epidemiology rapid revision series in Malayalam. This lecture covers bias in epidemiological studies, confounding factors, blinding, randomisation and Hill’s criteria for causation. These are core concepts for NEET PG, NExT, AIAPGET, UPSC CMS, Kerala PSC and MD entrance exams. They are also essential for research methodology papers in MPH and PhD entrance exams. Watch Part 1 first (risk measures: RR, OR, AR, NNT, ARR, EBM and clinical trials): [paste Part 1 link] Topics covered Bias in epidemiological studies: selection bias, information (measurement) bias, recall bias, interviewer bias, observer bias, Berkson’s bias, Neyman (prevalence–incidence) bias Confounding: definition, criteria for a confounder, and how to control it (randomisation, restriction, matching, stratification, multivariate analysis) Blinding: single, double and triple blinding, and why it reduces bias Randomisation: purpose, and simple, block, stratified and cluster randomisation Hill’s (Bradford Hill) criteria for causation: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient (dose–response), plausibility, coherence, experiment, analogy Quick exam points Randomisation controls known and unknown confounders; matching and restriction control only known ones. Blinding mainly reduces observer and information bias. Temporality (cause before effect) is the only essential criterion among Hill’s criteria. Who is this for? MBBS, BHMS, BAMS and other AYUSH students, interns and graduates preparing for NEET PG, NExT, AIAPGET, UPSC, Kerala PSC and MD entrance exams. Also useful for MPH, BPH, Social Medicine and Public Health students, and for PhD combined entrance and research methodology exams. About the instructor Dr. Shary Krishna B.S., MD (Homoeopathy), PhD (Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi). UGC-NET qualified in Social Medicine & Community Health. About three years of teaching experience in medical colleges. Subscribe and turn on notifications for more SPM and research methodology revision lectures. Share with batchmates preparing for PG entrance. Disclaimer: This content is for educational and exam-preparation purposes only. It is not medical advice. #NEETPG #Epidemiology #CommunityMedicine #AIAPGET #NExT #SPMMalayalam #ResearchMethodology #PublicHealth