День 3. Джон Прескилл: на пути к квантовому превосходству

John Preskill, Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at Caltech, offered a wide-ranging assessment of where quantum computing stands in 2026 and why the field is beginning to pivot from the noisy intermediate-scale quantum, or NISQ, era toward fault-tolerant machines. At Quantum World Congress 2026, Preskill examined recent quantum simulations that are beginning to probe regimes difficult for classical methods, the enormous overhead of conventional surface-code error correction, the promise of high-rate QLDPC codes and neutral-atom processors, more scalable cryogenic control, rapidly falling resource estimates for cryptographically relevant quantum algorithms, and new research suggesting quantum machines may eventually offer major memory advantages for certain machine-learning tasks.